Everything about Ferdinando Fairfax 2nd Lord Fairfax Of Cameron totally explained
Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (
29 March 1584–
14 March 1648),
English parliamentary general, was a son of
Thomas Fairfax, whom
Charles I in 1627 created
Lord Fairfax of Cameron in the
Peerage of Scotland.
Born in
Yorkshire, Ferdinando Fairfax obtained his military education in the
Netherlands, and served as member of the
English parliament for
Boroughbridge during the six parliaments which met between 1614 and 1629 and also during the
Short Parliament of 1640. In May 1640 he succeeded his father as Lord Fairfax, but being a
Scottish peer he sat in the
English House of Commons as one of the representatives of
Yorkshire during the
Long Parliament from 1640 until his death; he took the side of the parliament, but held moderate views and desired to maintain the peace. His main seat was
Denton Hall in
Wharfedale.
In the first
Scottish war Fairfax had commanded a regiment in the king's army; then on the outbreak of the
Civil War in 1642 he became commander of the parliamentary forces in Yorkshire, with
Newcastle as his opponent. Hostilities began after the repudiation of a treaty of neutrality entered into by Fairfax with the
Royalists.
At first Fairfax met with no success. He was driven from
York, where he was besieging the Royalists, to
Selby; then in 1643 to
Leeds; and after beating off an attack at that place he was totally defeated on
30 June 1643 at the
Battle of Adwalton Moor. He escaped to
Hull, which he successfully defended against Newcastle from
2 September until
11 October 1643, and by means of a brilliant sally caused the siege to be raised.
Fairfax was victorious at
Selby on
11 April 1644, and joining the Scots, besieged York, after which he was present at the
Battle of Marston Moor (
2 July 1644), where he commanded the infantry and was routed. He was subsequently, in July 1644, made Governor of York and charged with the further reduction of the county. In December 1644 he took the town of
Pontefract, but failed to secure the castle.
Fairfax resigned his command on the passing of the
Self-denying Ordinance, but remained a member of the Committee for the Government of Yorkshire, and was appointed, on
24 July 1645, steward of the manor of Pontefract. He died from an accident on
14 March 1648 and was buried at
Bolton Percy in Yorkshire.
Fairfax married twice. By his first wife, Mary, daughter of
Edmund Sheffield, 3rd Lord Sheffield (afterwards 1st earl of Mulgrave), he'd six daughters and two sons:
Thomas, who succeeded him as 3rd lord, and Charles, a colonel of horse, who was killed at Marston Moor. He also fathered translator
Edward Fairfax outside of wedlock.
During his command in Yorkshire, Fairfax engaged in a paper war with Newcastle, and wrote
The Answer of Ferdinando, Lord Fairfax, to a Declaration of William, Earl of Newcastle (1642; printed in Rushworth, pt. iii. vol. ii. p. 139); he also published
A Letter from . . . Lord Fairfax to . . . Robert, Earl of Essex (1643), describing the victorious sally at Hull.
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